<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw.]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p>From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. </p><p>“A physical book is a delivery mechanism for information. Once that information has been extracted and encoded into an AI model, the delivery mechanism has served its purpose. What remains is paper, ink, and binding material. The book is not destroyed. Its value has migrated. The paper returns to the material cycle; the knowledge enters the intellectual one.” <a href="https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/internet/ai-labs-buy-scan-shred-millions-of-rare-books/news-story/0c3b45a67093ab462a587a0348538ce9" rel="nofollow noopener"><span>https://www.</span><span>news.com.au/technology/online/</span><span>internet/ai-labs-buy-scan-shred-millions-of-rare-books/news-story/0c3b45a67093ab462a587a0348538ce9</span></a></p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/topic/cee2e52d-7b83-484e-ae99-c53641f5e404/from-the-website-of-the-company-that-s-destroying-books-to-feed-them-into-the-ravenous-ai-maw.</link><generator>RSS for Node</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2026 06:22:25 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://forum.fedi.dk/topic/cee2e52d-7b83-484e-ae99-c53641f5e404.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 11:55:59 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 06:41:06 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/msbellows%40c.im" rel="nofollow noopener">@<span>msbellows</span></a></span> "The optics problem is real." sounds an awful lot like Claude's way of doing sycophancy to me, and is not like something that a human with any degree of PR experience would begin a public-oriented piece with.</p><p><span><a href="/user/guillotine_jones%40beige.party" rel="nofollow noopener">@<span>Guillotine_Jones</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us" rel="nofollow noopener">@<span>overholt</span></a></span></p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://toot.cat/users/riley/statuses/117013221666497893</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://toot.cat/users/riley/statuses/117013221666497893</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[riley@toot.cat]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 06:41:06 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 06:07:54 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/allpoints%40mstdn.social">@<span>allpoints</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> The goose is not valued. It's value has migrated.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://bananachips.club/users/qwazix/statuses/117013091123122035</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://bananachips.club/users/qwazix/statuses/117013091123122035</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[qwazix@bananachips.club]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 06:07:54 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:06:04 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/manwhotalkstohishand%40mastodon.social">@<span>ManWhoTalksToHisHand</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/mccrankyface%40social.vivaldi.net">@<span>McCrankyface</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/janeishly%40beige.party">@<span>janeishly</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> doesn't even understand maths – one of the celebrated stories in natural statistical distributions is all about the dirt marks left by fingers in the numerical tables</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.nz/users/libroraptor/statuses/117012612038229007</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.nz/users/libroraptor/statuses/117012612038229007</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[libroraptor@mastodon.nz]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:06:04 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:05:24 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><a href="/user/rothko%40beige.party">@rothko@beige.party</a> <a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@overholt@glammr.us</a> The "information" in the literal text, isn't the only information contained even in a brand new book.  Even from <i>that</i> perspective, the scanning, and destroying the book, is destroying information.  No idea what titles this involved, because it <i>might</i> change my mind.  I own books that I'd be willing to throw in the fire.  Not as a "book burning, censorship" thing.  But as in, "this book was so bad, but at least it can keep me warm."  Personal judgement, nothing more.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://social.openpsychology.net/notes/apbzhdis2ap8013j</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://social.openpsychology.net/notes/apbzhdis2ap8013j</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[jigmedatse@social.openpsychology.net]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:05:24 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:05:16 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> Also striking me that that the paragraph itself is almost certainly AI generated. It’s exactly the set of cliches they’re biased towards.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://digipres.club/users/misty/statuses/117012608908851958</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://digipres.club/users/misty/statuses/117012608908851958</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[misty@digipres.club]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:05:16 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:04:58 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> They don't believe in the information that isn't in the print. Their awareness of "bibliography" goes no further than "list of works cited". They probably use APA style and think that it's the best.</p><p>Much of this applies to a vast number librarians outside the special collections, too.</p><p>And unfortunately even to a fair few within special collections.</p><p>I once flew to another country to see a book. The desk assistant brought it out to me, and at first glance it was obviously a different copy. I told the assistant this, and she was mystified. How could I be so sure so soon? Because it had a bookplate postdating the person whose traces I was hoping to find. He'd borrowed it repeatedly over several years, keeping it for months each time. I knew when because he was a hoarder and I'd see his borrowing slips, on the back of which he wrote brief reviews of every book documented.</p><p>There was evidence in the card catalogue that the copy I wanted had been thrown away because this one was in better condition. So I wasted a flight, accommodation, taxi fares, restaurant food, and several days because someone had not valued the non-print information that I wanted and not bothered to document that in the on-line catalogue in one of those projects where someone says "Let's make the card catalogue digital" and then runs out of resource between making stub entries and filling in the finer details.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.nz/users/libroraptor/statuses/117012607714798276</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.nz/users/libroraptor/statuses/117012607714798276</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[libroraptor@mastodon.nz]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 04:04:58 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 02:39:00 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/c0dec0dec0de%40hachyderm.io">@<span>c0dec0dec0de</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/remittancegirl%40mstdn.social">@<span>Remittancegirl</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/kimlockhartga%40beige.party">@<span>kimlockhartga</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> Back up fully and often.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://masto.hackers.town/users/drwho/statuses/117012269689334091</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://masto.hackers.town/users/drwho/statuses/117012269689334091</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[drwho@masto.hackers.town]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 02:39:00 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 02:26:04 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> That’s some cold shit right there. <img src="https://forum.fedi.dk/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/1f633.png?v=7979fdcf9c7" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--flushed" style="height:23px;width:auto;vertical-align:middle" title="😳" alt="😳" /></p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/lydialurch/statuses/117012218797382555</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/lydialurch/statuses/117012218797382555</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[lydialurch@mastodon.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 02:26:04 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:18:43 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/drwho%40masto.hackers.town">@<span>drwho</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/remittancegirl%40mstdn.social">@<span>Remittancegirl</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/kimlockhartga%40beige.party">@<span>kimlockhartga</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> you know what I say to that? “Arrrrr you serious?”</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://hachyderm.io/users/c0dec0dec0de/statuses/117011953950538481</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://hachyderm.io/users/c0dec0dec0de/statuses/117011953950538481</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[c0dec0dec0de@hachyderm.io]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:18:43 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:11:01 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> It would be difficult for them to be more wrong about this. But it sounds like they might be too stupid to ever understand any better.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/wesdym/statuses/117011923683816757</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/wesdym/statuses/117011923683816757</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[wesdym@mastodon.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:11:01 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:09:38 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="https://code4lib.social/@linguistory">@<span>linguistory</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> Thanks -- it's entirely possible I am not correct about that</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://glammr.us/users/jessamyn/statuses/117011918269033920</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://glammr.us/users/jessamyn/statuses/117011918269033920</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[jessamyn@glammr.us]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:09:38 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:07:44 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> They're just very foolish people. They think we're living in the Star Trek age, which is set three centuries from now.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/wesdym/statuses/117011910765743482</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/wesdym/statuses/117011910765743482</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[wesdym@mastodon.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:07:44 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:02:16 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/jessamyn%40glammr.us">@<span>jessamyn</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> I think that sometime in the 2010s they shifted to sending a lot of books to China and the Philippines for scanning.</p><p>I'm going off of this DH project, which looked at the metadata attached to scanned IA items in addition to talking to scanning staff: <a href="https://scanninglabor.github.io/IAScanningLabor/discussion.html" rel="nofollow noopener"><span>https://</span><span>scanninglabor.github.io/IAScan</span><span>ningLabor/discussion.html</span></a></p><p>I saw these folks present at a conference, and recall them saying the books were being destroyed rather than sent back across the Pacific—but can't find confirmation</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://code4lib.social/users/linguistory/statuses/117011889315320955</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://code4lib.social/users/linguistory/statuses/117011889315320955</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[linguistory@code4lib.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:02:16 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:01:23 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> <br />These fools have never seen the original 'Rollerball'. They should.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/wesdym/statuses/117011885786491199</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/wesdym/statuses/117011885786491199</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[wesdym@mastodon.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:01:23 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:00:30 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> "its value has migrated." but BOOK WAS NOT VALUED.</p><p>i'll take my golden egg now, thank you.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://beige.party/users/rothko/statuses/117011882314053107</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://beige.party/users/rothko/statuses/117011882314053107</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[rothko@beige.party]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 01:00:30 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:42:19 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/ghostonthehalfshell%40masto.ai">@<span>GhostOnTheHalfShell</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> oh we know</p><p>they copy the isbn and metadata<br />save each scan in some datalake<br />ocr each scan into another datalake<br />associate metadata in db with artifacts in lake<br />sucked into a model<br />each retraining can reuse as needed</p><p>no way they delete the artifacts but also no way they would share</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://sfba.social/users/glassresistor/statuses/117011810860835572</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://sfba.social/users/glassresistor/statuses/117011810860835572</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[glassresistor@sfba.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:42:19 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:25:50 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> These fuckers need to be strung up and prevented from damaging another human pursuit ever again.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://reclusive.blog/users/sharpcheddargoblin/statuses/01KYTS08XFGAPK69F56ANNSV8P</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://reclusive.blog/users/sharpcheddargoblin/statuses/01KYTS08XFGAPK69F56ANNSV8P</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[sharpcheddargoblin@reclusive.blog]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:25:50 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:21:15 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> what soulless ghouls.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://social.europlus.zone/users/europlus/statuses/117011728022710944</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://social.europlus.zone/users/europlus/statuses/117011728022710944</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[europlus@social.europlus.zone]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:21:15 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:48:45 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> <br />The CEO of an AI company is merely a delivery system for genetic coding. Once the genetic coding has been transferred from the CEO's genome to a digital repository the delivery system has done its job. The CEO has not been butchered in an abattoir, their value has migrated. The body goes back into the material cycle, the genetic information into the intellectual one.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodonapp.uk/users/Stevenheywood/statuses/117011600234196793</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodonapp.uk/users/Stevenheywood/statuses/117011600234196793</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[stevenheywood@mastodonapp.uk]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:48:45 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:09:37 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> these people are so detached from reality.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mspsocial.net/users/june/statuses/117011446326042459</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mspsocial.net/users/june/statuses/117011446326042459</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[june@mspsocial.net]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:09:37 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:05:45 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> forget rare historical books, scrolls, tablets … not!</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/nedhamson1/statuses/117011431120020848</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.social/users/nedhamson1/statuses/117011431120020848</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[nedhamson1@mastodon.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:05:45 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:03:59 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/allpoints%40mstdn.social">@<span>allpoints</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> "Aw damn, looks like someone migrated the value of my bike!"</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://zeroes.ca/users/Geoffberner/statuses/117011424155846149</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://zeroes.ca/users/Geoffberner/statuses/117011424155846149</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[geoffberner@zeroes.ca]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 23:03:59 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Thu, 30 Jul 2026 22:59:50 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> These people are idiots.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mstdn.social/users/heafnerj/statuses/117011407836075832</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mstdn.social/users/heafnerj/statuses/117011407836075832</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[heafnerj@mstdn.social]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 22:59:50 GMT</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reply to From the website of the company that’s destroying books to feed them into the ravenous AI maw. on Thu, 30 Jul 2026 22:55:36 GMT]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p><span><a href="/user/allpoints%40mstdn.social">@<span>allpoints</span></a></span> <span><a href="/user/overholt%40glammr.us">@<span>overholt</span></a></span> Migrated...wait that's what geese do....so like the goose, the book was not valued.</p>]]></description><link>https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.scot/users/Bumblefish/statuses/117011391241657459</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.fedi.dk/post/https://mastodon.scot/users/Bumblefish/statuses/117011391241657459</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[bumblefish@mastodon.scot]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 22:55:36 GMT</pubDate></item></channel></rss>