@evan I read the question as a speculative question (whether it was possible or not), the key word being "require". So for one, I didn't push that button. What the word market economy refers to in reality is ambiguous, given that the version that has come to dominate the world tends towards those monopolies you've contrasted it with in this thread. A truly non-monopoly based market economy mostly exists in the minds of economists and perhaps the Muslim Indian ocean in the Middle ages.